Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study is to develop and validate a novel clinical report form in the format of a structured interview to enable the characterization of the Portuguese population of the Baixo Vouga region with different subtypes of nodular thyroid pathologies (NTyPs). Materials and methods: A structured interview was developed and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first structured interview built and validated for that purpose in Portugal. Results: This structured interview enables the identification of possible correlations between each subtype of nodular lesions and sociodemographic data, consumption habits and lifestyle, endocrine history, and family predisposition. Conclusion: The novel structured interview will simultaneously, enable a detailed characterization of the group of patients with nodular thyroid lesions and will support future metabolomic studies.

ABSTRACT Objective: A study at Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto in 2011 revealed suboptimal control of inpatient hyperglycemia and a similar one was carried out in 2020. This study compares the results of 2011 and 2020 regarding prevalence of hyperglycemia, metabolic control, treatment and glycemic profile by infection/non-infection diagnosis. Subjects and methods: We performed two cross-sectional studies on 13th December 2011 and 9th October 2020 that included all non-critical adults with at least 24 hours of hospitalization, with no specific intervention between them. Glycemic control evaluated by minimum and maximum capillary blood glucose (CBG) in the previous day categorized as hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL), normoglycemia (70-179 mg/dL) and hyperglycemia (≥180 mg/dL) (SPSS v.20). Results: A total of 418 and 445 patients were respectively included in 2011 and 2020 studies and the prevalence of hyperglycemia was similar. Glycemic control improved numerically although not significantly in 2020: increase in normoglycemia, reduction in hyperglycemia and reduction in hypoglycemia. There was an increase in the use of basal-bolus regimens (19.6% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.009) and a decrease in human basal (p < 0.01) and rapid-acting insulin use (p = 0.001) with a proportional increase in long-acting (p = 0.002) and rapid-acting analogs (p < 0.001) use. There was a higher prevalence of infection (39.8% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.006) in 2020 and, in the infection subgroup, there were higher insulinization rates (37.3% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.017) and a trend to glycemic control improvement. Conclusion: Despite the higher insulinization rates, the preference for new insulin analogs and a trend to better glycemic control, we have not yet reached targets, so education still remains necessary.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the influence of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on blood glucose levels at diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obstetric/neonatal outcomes. Subjects and methods: Retrospective cohort study including 462 women with GDM and singleton pregnancy delivered in our institution between January 2015 and June 2018 and grouped according to BMI/GWG. Results: The diagnosis of GDM was more likely to be established in the 1st trimester (T) in women with obesity than in normal-weight (55.8% vs 53.7%, p = 0.008). BMI positively and significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in the 1stT (rs = 0.213, p = 0.001) and 2ndT (rs = 0.210, p = 0.001). Excessive GWG occurred in 44.9% women with overweight and in 40.2% with obesity (p < 0.001). From women with obesity, 65.1% required pharmacological treatment (p < 0.001). Gestational hypertension (GH) was more frequent in women with obesity (p = 0.016). During follow-up, 132 cesareans were performed, the majority in mothers with obesity (p = 0.008). Of the 17 large-for-gestational-age (LGA) birthweight delivered, respectively 6 and 9 were offsprings of women with overweight and obesity (p = 0.019). Maternal BMI had a predictive value only for macrosomia [aOR 1.177 (1.006-1.376), p = 0.041]. BMI and GWG positively correlated with birthweight (rs = 0.132, p = 0.005; rs = 0.188, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Maternal obesity is related with a major probability of diagnosis of GDM in 1stT, fasting hyperglycemia in 2ndT and a more frequent need for pharmacological therapy. Pre-gestational obesity is associated with GH, cesarean delivery and fetal macrosomia.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the influence of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on blood glucose levels at diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obstetric/neonatal outcomes. Subjects and methods: Retrospective cohort study including 462 women with GDM and singleton pregnancy delivered in our institution between January 2015 and June 2018 and grouped according to BMI/GWG. Results: The diagnosis of GDM was more likely to be established in the 1st trimester (T) in women with obesity than in normal-weight (55.8% vs 53.7%, p = 0.008). BMI positively and significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in the 1stT (rs = 0.213, p = 0.001) and 2ndT (rs = 0.210, p = 0.001). Excessive GWG occurred in 44.9% women with overweight and in 40.2% with obesity (p < 0.001). From women with obesity, 65.1% required pharmacological treatment (p < 0.001). Gestational hypertension (GH) was more frequent in women with obesity (p = 0.016). During follow-up, 132 cesareans were performed, the majority in mothers with obesity (p = 0.008). Of the 17 large-for-gestational-age (LGA) birthweight delivered, respectively 6 and 9 were offsprings of women with overweight and obesity (p = 0.019). Maternal BMI had a predictive value only for macrosomia [aOR 1.177 (1.006-1.376), p = 0.041]. BMI and GWG positively correlated with birthweight (rs = 0.132, p = 0.005; rs = 0.188, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Maternal obesity is related with a major probability of diagnosis of GDM in 1stT, fasting hyperglycemia in 2ndT and a more frequent need for pharmacological therapy. Pre-gestational obesity is associated with GH, cesarean delivery and fetal macrosomia.

Abstract The excessive tutelage of Political History over the study of medieval materials, frequently results in attempts to link directly the archeological record with an historical conjuncture, generally disruptive. One example is the tendency to assume that some characteristics of Islamic pottery were exclusive to the time frame of the Muslim domain, submitting the material culture to a political and institutional chronology which reveals as totally artificial. In this paper we intend to start systemizing data that allows us to consider that the integration of the southern cities in the Christian territory did not cause a moment of rupture, at least in the material creations. On the contrary, by valuating the inputs of stratigraphic and contextual data, we verify that continuities do not restrain to the maintenance of technical knowledge, formal patterns or ornamental options. In some latitudes, in the century following the Christian conquest, the pottery production continued to incorporate innovations and tendencies from regions where Muslim powers proceed ruling. This observation allows us to conclude that some material expressions of a cultural universe that was structured by centuries of Mediterranean interchange, survived the establishment of new political frontiers and the arrival of new social actors.

Resumo Pretende-se1 avançar com uma primeira análise às lógicas de continuidade entre o período islâmico e os momentos posteriores à conquista cristã, patentes na cerâmica produzida em várias cidades e áreas geográficas do território nacional. Muito embora se assuma o carácter preliminar desta abordagem, tenta-se também uma interpretação das diferenças regionais assinaladas, a partir de factores como o âmbito temporal da presença islâmica e as relações centro-periferia. Verifica-se que a leitura defensora da disrupção, oferecida por alguma história política, não encontra apoio no registo arqueológico, em especial nas latitudes mais meridionais. Aí anuncia-se não só um cenário de evidente manutenção das tradições de período islâmico, mas também a integração contínua de inovações e tendências provenientes da região peninsular onde o poder muçulmano continuava a dominar, nas cadeias operatórias locais. Esta realidade demonstra como séculos de integração cultural centrada no Mediterrâneo, e especialmente evidente nas materialidades, resistiram ao surgimento de novas fronteiras e à chegada de novos actores sociais.

As primeiras referências sobre cerâmica islâmica em Portugal remontam ao final do século XIX. A investigação evolui timidamente até aos anos 80 do século XX, quando se assiste ao incremento dos estudos sobre a temática, impulsionado pelos projectos estruturantes de Mértola e Silves. Nos anos 90, este incremento intensifica-se e, na última década, a par de um maior número, alargam-se a diversidade e a dispersão geográfica de trabalhos e projectos, nomeadamente com origem em arqueologia urbana. O projecto CIGA (Cerâmica Islâmica do Ġarb al-Andalus), iniciado em 2008, insere-se nesta dinâmica, promovendo a sistematização, problematização e divulgação de toda a informação dispersa e apresentando aqui uma síntese histórica dos estudos sobre cerâmica islâmica recolhida no território português, as suas principais tendências, os seus problemas, virtudes e as perspectivas futuras.

The first references on Islamic pottery in Portugal go back to the end of the nineteenth century. The modest evolution of the research until the 1980s was replaced by the development of the studies on this subject, pressed forward by the fundamental projects of Mértola and Silves. In the 1990s, this development was intensified and, in the last decade, the number, diversity and geographical dispersion of studies and projects was remarkable, particularly those originated from urban archaeology. The CIGA project (Cerâmica Islâmica do Ġarb al-Andalus), started in 2008, is part of this dynamics, promoting the systematization, the discussion and the diffusion of all the information and presenting here a composite paper about the studies on Islamic ceramics in Portugal, its main tendencies, problems, virtues and future perspectives.